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3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219424

ABSTRACT

The performance of Cuban biotechnology from 2008 to 2021 has shown a growing pipeline of valuable biomedical solutions. As the transformation of this sector into an industrial group has changed its R&D productivity and bio manufacturing capacity, we summarize here the results of R&D projects with impact on public health, constraints found in Cuba, lessons, and opportunities to develop this science-based industry in developing countries

4.
Salud pública Méx ; 64(2): 157-168, Mar.-Apr. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432366

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la actividad física (AF) sobre la calidad de vida (CV) en personas de 15 años o más, considerando características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y psicosociales levantadas en una encuesta nacional. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo-analítico-transversal desarrollado en Chile 2020, a partir de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Edad promedio de 49 años, 63% de sexo femenino. Un 15% informó practicar algún deporte o entrenar de manera intensa; 75% tiene una buena o muy buena CV y 53% buena o muy buena CV en salud. Quienes practicaban algún deporte intenso tenían más posibilidad de tener una buena o muy buena CV (RM=1.58; IC95%= 1.28,1.96) y CV asociada a la salud (RM=1.67; IC95%= 1.40,1.99) en comparación con quienes no practicaban. Conclusiones: La AF es un aspecto que impacta positivamente en la CV de las personas y en la salud general de la población, además de que es económica y fácil de instaurar.


Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effect of Physical Activity (PA) on the Quality of Life (QL) of people aged 15 years and over considering sociodemographic, epidemiological, and psychosocial characteristics collected in a national survey carried out in Chile. Materials and methods: Quantitative-analytical-transversal developed in Chile 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Average age of 49 years, 63% female. 15% reported practicing some sport or training intensely; 75% have a good or very good QL, and 53% have a good or very good QL in health. Those who practiced an intense sport were more likely to have a good or very good QL (OR= 1.58; 95%CI= 1.28,1.96) and QL associated with health (OR= 1.67; 95%CI= 1.40,1.99) compared to those who did not do it. Conclusions: PA is an aspect that impacts people's QL, cheap, easy to establish, and positively impacts the general health of the population.

5.
European J Med Plants ; 2022 Mar; 33(3): 8-17
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219474

ABSTRACT

Aims: Propolis is a resinous substance accumulated by bees from resinous plants material, produced by different botanical processes. It has been used since ancient times for its therapeutic benefits. The chemical composition of propolis is mostly influenced by the geographic zone and also by botanic sources that the honey bee has used. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyse the phytochemical profile and pharmacological activity of a sample of propolis from Ecuador. Methodology: Chemical composition was analyzed by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate and antinociceptive activity was analyzed by using writhing test induced by acetic acid. Results: The chemical composition showed the presence of sugars, fatty acids, flavonoids and triterpenes in the sample. The analysis of the relative abundance of the detected signals suggested that triterpenes represent 25.38% of the total components of the mixture and 9,19-cyclo-9-beta-lanostane-24-on-3-beta-iloxyl (cycloartenol), the majority compound. Propolis induced a maximun inhibition (77.2 %) in TPA model at a dose of 3 mg/ear, reducing dermal edema, cellular infiltration and ear thickness induced by TPA. Also, it produced a dose-related inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing response with a maximal antinociceptive effect (49.5%) at dose of 500 mg/kg po. Conclusion: The chemical analysis showed a predominant triterpene profile, being cycloartenol the majority compound in the sample and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were confirmed by in vivo models.

6.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(4): 420-427, ago. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388848

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La resección anterior baja protegida con una ileostomía en asa (IA) luego de neoadyuvancia es el tratamiento estándar del cáncer del recto bajo localmente avanzado. Objetivos: Investigar la incidencia, características clínicas de la disfunción ileostómica (DI) en estos pacientes y, eventualmente, definir un perfil de riesgo. Materiales y Método: Se analizan 103 pacientes consecutivos. La DI se define como la eliminación por la ileostomía de más de 1,5 litros por día durante 3 o más días consecutivos asociado a distensión y dolor abdominal con intolerancia a la alimentación oral en ausencia de una complicación intraabdominal Clavien-Dindo grado III o mayor. Se comparan el grupo con DI del resto (no DI). Resultados: La DI se presentó en el 14,5% de los casos, se resolvió entre 12 y 70 días (en el 50% superó los 30 días), la tasa de reingreso fue 27% y no hubo reoperaciones en este grupo. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos grupos salvo en el tiempo de hospitalizarán y la tasa de reingresos. Discusión: La DI corresponde a un tipo de íleo posoperatorio de gravedad y duración variable que paradojalmente se asocia con la eliminación de altos volúmenes de contenido intestinal por la IA, requiere aporte vigoroso de volumen y electrolitos y en los casos más graves apoyo con nutrición parenteral. El cuadro revierte en plazos variables con manejo conservador. En este estudio no se ha logrado definir un perfil del paciente en riesgo de sufrir esta complicación o factores predictivos de ella.


Background: Diverting loop ileostomy (LI) is commonly performed to protect a distal anastomosis after a low anterior resection. Aim: To investigate the frecuency and clinical features of ileostomic dysfunction (ID) and, eventually, to define a profile of patients at risk of this complicaction. Materials and Method: 103 consecutive patients operated on for rectal cancer were included. ID is defined when the maxime output was more than 1,5 lt/day for three or more consecutive days with biochemical disturbances, associated to abdominal distension and the inability to tolerate oral feeding without postoperative severe complication. Patients with ID were compared with noID group. Results: ID developed in 15 patients, lasting between 12 and 70 days (50% for more then 30 days), the readmission rate was 27% without reoperation in this group. Except for inhospital time and readmission rate, no other difference between both groups were founded. Discussion: ID is a kind of paralitic ileus of variable intensity with paradox high output ileostomy leading to depletion of water and electrolyte imbalance. ID requires reposition of high volumen of fluids and electrolytes and sometimes parenteral nutrition with full recovery in variable periods without invasive treatment. In this study it was not possible to define a patient profile at risk or predictive factores of this complication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Rectal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Ileostomy/methods , Intestinal Obstruction/complications , Rectal Neoplasms/complications , Incidence , Retrospective Studies
7.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(6): 559-566, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388767

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento estándar del cáncer del recto localmente avanzado (CRLA) actual es multimodal. La cirugía mínimamente invasiva es factible en el manejo de este tumor, aunque existe controversia sobre sus resultados alejados. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados inmediatos y alejados de una serie laparoscópica (CL) con una serie de cirugía convencional (CA) intervenidos por CRLA. Materiales y Método: Revisión retrospectiva de ambas técnicas de abordaje en un periodo de 14 años. Se analiza la morbilidad, los resultados patológicos, la recidiva local y la sobrevida a largo plazo. Para estimar las curvas de sobrevida se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier. Para comparar las curvas de sobrevida se usó el test de log-rank. Resultados: Se compara 163 pacientes intervenidos por CL con 164 operados mediante CA. Ambos grupos resultaron equivalentes en cuanto a las variables demográficas, morbilidad perioperatoria y estadios patológicos finales, salvo un menor tiempo de hospitalización en el grupo CL (p = 0,007). Los tumores bajos recibieron radioterapia preoperatoria en el 90% de los casos. La recidiva local global y la sobrevida a largo plazo no muestran diferencias de acuerdo al tipo de abordaje. Al excluir los pacientes con una lesión en el recto superior se aprecia que los tumores de recto bajo tienen peor pronóstico, independiente de la técnica empleada (p = 0,007). Conclusiones: La CL es equivalente a la CA en el manejo multimodal del CRLA. La inclusión de tumores del recto superior tiende a mejorar artificialmente los resultados de la cirugía en cuanto a recidiva local y sobrevida global.


Introduction: Total mesorectal excison and preoperative radiotherapy are important components of multimodal treatment in patients with a low locally advanced rectal cancer. Short-term results of laparoscopic surgery has proven to be safe but oncological results are unclear. Aim: To compare short-term and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection of locally advanced rectal cancer operated on in the same period. Materials and Method: A total of 327 patientes with rectal cancer treated by open and laparoscopic curative surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term follow up was compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and survival data were tested by log rank test. Results: Demographic data, levels of carcinoembryonaric antigen, perioperative morbidity and pathologic stages were similar in both groups, except for less inhospital time in laparoscopic group (p = 0.007). Over 90% of middle and low tumors recived preoperative radiotherapy. Local recurrence and overall survival shows no difference between both groups. Low and middle rectal cancer showed worst prognosis than tumors of the high rectum, no matter of type of surgery (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is non-inferior to open resection for pathological and oncological outcomes. It's not convenient to include on trials lesions located in the high rectum, usually treated with primary surgery as colon cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Rectal Neoplasms/mortality , Rectal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
8.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 43(1): 100-102, ago. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124809

ABSTRACT

El trauma ocular es una causa frecuente de consulta en los servicios de oftalmología, es más frecuente en el género masculino. Dependiendo de la gravedad del daño ocasionado, el tratamiento representa un reto para el oftalmólogo, porque, se enfrenta ante un daño patológico integral y complejo. El presente caso corresponde a un paciente masculino con baja de agudeza visual importante en ojo derecho, con antecedente de trauma ocular contuso, ocasionado con una piedra, en su ambiente laboral, que acude dos meses posterior al trauma ocular. Al examen presenta secuelas del trauma ocular contuso, fibrosis capsular anterior, catarata traumática, subluxación de cristalino, etc. El pronóstico visual tras un procedimiento quirúrgico es bueno, sin embargo, el paciente rechaza la cirugía. Por lo tanto, es muy importante el uso de lentes de trabajo que puede prevenir accidentes laborales.


The ocular trauma is a frequent cause of consultation in ophthalmology services, it is more frequent in males. Depending on the severity of the damage caused, the treatment represents a challenge for the ophthalmologist, because, he faces an integral and complex pathological damage. The present case corresponds to a male patient with low visual acuity in the right eye, with a history of blunt eye trauma, caused by a stone, in his work environment, who came two months after the eye trauma. On examination, he presented sequels of blunt ocular trauma, anterior capsular fibrosis, traumatic cataract, lens subluxation, etc. The visual prognosis after a surgical procedure is good, however, the patient rejects the surgery. Therefore, it is very important to wear work glasses that can prevent workplace accidents.


Subject(s)
South American Health Council
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(1): 30-36, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094203

ABSTRACT

Background: Care required by dependent older people is mostly provided by close family members. Caregiving is a demanding task, negatively affecting the physical and mental health of the caregiver. Aim: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of informal caregivers of dependent elderly people in Chile and to evaluate the effect of providing care on the health of caregivers. Material and Methods: Data from the Economic Characterization Survey (CASEN) done in 2015 was used. Using as index cases older people who were receiving care from a family member, 4,313 informal caregivers were identified, whose characteristics were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and matching through propensity score were estimated, based on a logistic model, which included covariates such as sex, age, marital status, education, occupation, and income. Finally, the effect of being an informal caregiver versus not being a caregiver on the perception of health was calculated. Results. Forty four percent of the caregivers were offspring and 33.6% couples. Sixty seven percent were women, with a mean age of 56.5 years. Half of them had a partner, 43% had basic education or less, and 61% were inactive. Being a caregiver had a significant effect of health perception. Conclusions: People belonging to certain more vulnerable groups are more likely to assume caregiving. Providing care to a dependent older person has a negative effect on health perception.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Family , Caregivers , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Income
10.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 25(4): 141-145, dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058214

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Presentamos un caso un hombre de 53 años con antecedentes de reflujo gastroesofágico y pirosis con varias visitas al servicio de urgencias por vómitos, con antecedentes de consumo crónico de alcohol. La TC sin y con contraste endovenoso mostró a nivel del píloro una lesion ovoidea de paredes gruesas con captación similar al tejido pancreático, con un gran componente quístico bien delimitado que condiciona una obstrucción intestinal. La ecografía confirma la presencia de una lesión quística con ecos móviles en su interior. Tras la realización de antrectomía, el estudio histológico revela un pseudoquiste pancreático sobre páncreas ectópico, siendo esta presentación muy infrecuente, con pocos casos descritos hasta la fecha. Conclusión: Los hallazgos clínico-radiológicos con TC y US de páncreas ectópico pueden orientar el diagnóstico, aunque no son concluyentes. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante estudio histológico.


Abstract: A 53 year-old male with a past history of chronic alcohol intake, presents with an intestinal obstruction. A CT scan shows an ovoid tumor in pylorus with a great cystic component, thick wall and delimited rim, causing gastric retention. Its walls have similar enhancing pattern as the pancreatic tissue. Ultrasound revealed the presence of a cystic tumor with mobile echoes inside. After antrectomy the histological study reports pancreatic pseudocyst hosted in ectopic pancreas. This is an unusual presentation and only a few cases have been reported. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic findings of ectopic pancreas are non-specific. Definitive diagnostic requires histological study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreas , Choristoma/complications , Choristoma/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/complications , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnostic imaging , Pylorus , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging
12.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 42(2): 150-152, dic. 2019. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-989839

ABSTRACT

La retinitis por CMV es la infección ocular oportunista más frecuente en los pacientes con SIDA. La necrosis retiniana aguda suele corresponder a infecciones por VVZ o VHS, y sólo en un pequeño porcentaje de casos es secundaria a infección por CMV. El tratamiento (dosis de mantenimiento) con valganciclovir no descarta completamente la posibilidad de desarrollo de enfermedad por CMV, además que se asocia a otras infecciones oportunistas, en este caso asociado a herpes zoster y molusco contagioso. Presentamos un Caso Clínico de un paciente VIH positivo, sin tratamiento, con necrosis retiniana aguda por CMV del ojo izquierdo como forma inicial de presentación de la etapa de SIDA y retinitis por CMV de su ojo derecho varios meses después, a pesar de estar en tratamiento con valganciclovir a dosis de mantenimiento.(AU)


The CMV retinitis is the most frequent opportunistic eye infection in AIDS patients. Acute retinal necrosis usually corresponds to VZV or HSV infections, and only in a small cases is it secondary to CMV infection. The treatment (maintenance dose) with valganciclovir does not completely rule out the possibility of developing CMV disease, in addition to being associated with other opportunistic infections, in this case associated with herpes zoster and molluscum contagiosum. We present a Clinical Case of an HIV positive patient, without treatment, with acute retinal necrosis due to CMV of the left eye as an initial form of the presentation of the AIDS stage and CMV retinitis of his right eye several months later, despite being treated with valganciclovir at maintenance dose.(AU)


Subject(s)
Retinitis
14.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 30(1): 12-23, 2019. Ilus., Tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1005566

ABSTRACT

Adult atopic dermatitis is a chronically recurring inflammatory dermatosis which presents in various forms. Some of these forms develop mostly in adults such as head and neck dermatitis and chronic hand eczema. Even though the diagnosis is clinical it frequently requires further investigations to exclude differential diagnosis. Once confirmed, it is crucial to classify its severity and exclude other comorbidities. Treatment includes general measures such as the use of emollients and soap substitutes which are applicable in all cases regardless of its severity. Other therapeutic options include topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and immunosuppressants. Their use will depend on the degree of severity and specific characteristics of each individual. Newer biologics have proven to be a safe and effective alternative, and seem to be a promising option in cases of adult atopic dermatitis refractory to conventional treatments. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy
15.
Bio sci. (En línea) ; 2(4): 60-72, 2019. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LIBOCS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1141226

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: evaluar los conocimientos y describir las actitudes que tienen los estudiantes de la Escuela Superior de Maestros Mariscal Sucre acerca de la donación de sangre. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativo transversal, el tipo de muestreo usado es: Muestreo aleatorio estratificado y fue llevado a cabo durante los meses de abril a octubre 2019, obteniendo una muestra constituida por 219 Estudiantes de los distintos grados de formación. Se evaluó a los estudiantes respecto a los conocimiento generales que poseen en cuanto a la donación de sangre y se obtuvo un porcentaje de 45,7 % de reprobados, los cuales se constituyen en estudiantes que no alcanzaron responder correctamente el 50 % de las preguntas básicas, en cuanto a las actitudes los estudiantes consideraron que donar sangre es importante y que con la información necesaria donaría sangre en un futuro, tomando en cuenta que el principal motivo para hacerlo sería que un familiar o amigo lo necesitara. Entre los factores que impiden donar sangre están la poca información que reciben acerca del tema, hay una probabilidad de 2,18 (p<0,01) veces que los reprobados no consideran donar sangre por el temor de contraer alguna enfermedad durante el acto de donación y existe la creencia de que la sangre donada es comercializada. En conclusión, si bien un poco más de la mitad de los estudiantes demostró tener conocimientos básicos en donación de sangre, hay ideas erróneas entre la población de la escuela superior de maestro Mariscal Sucre, aún existen muchos mitos y tabúes que impiden al estudiante realizar el acto voluntario de donación de sangre.


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the knowledge and describe the attitudes that students of the Mariscal Sucre School of teachers have about blood donation The research is of a quantitative cross-sectional type, the type of sampling used is: stratified random sampling and was carried out during the months of april to october 2019, obtaining a simple consisting of 219 Students of the different levels of training. Students were evaluated regarding the general knowledge they have regarding blood donation and a percentage of 45.7% of failing was obtained, which constitute students who failed to correctly answer 50% of the basic questions as regards attitudes, students considered that donating blood is important and that with the necessary information they would donate blood in the future, taking into account that the main reason for doing so would be for a family member or friend to need it. Among the factors that prevent donating blood are the little information they receive on the subject, there is a probability of 2.18 (p <0.01) times that the reprobate do not consider donating blood for fear of contracting any disease during the act of donation and there is a belief that donated blood is marketed. In conclusion, although a little more than half of the students proved to have basic knowledge in blood donation, there are misconceptions among the population of the master school Mariscal Sucre, there are still many myths and taboos that prevent the student perform the voluntary act of blood donation


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood , Blood Donors , Gift Giving , Schools , Students , Volunteers , World Health Organization , Knowledge
16.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 13(2): 35-38, dic. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1100356

ABSTRACT

En México, no existe una adecuada regulación legal de la práctica profesional de la neuropsicología, a pesar de que existen pautas a nivel internacional donde se estipula que el profesional debe tener una formación teórica-práctica sobre neurociencias, psicología clínica y psicometría, además de destreza en habilidades clínicas y formulación de programas de intervención sólidamente fundamentados en estudios empíricos. Por lo tanto, es necesario que los profesionistas estén capacitados para desarrollar su labor, pues de lo contrario estaría atentando contra derechos fundamentales del ser humano. Por lo que las autoridades en materia de salud mental, al tener facultades suficientes para actualizar y legalizar en relación con la práctica clínica, deberán implementar medidas más específicas y rígidas en cuanto a los requisitos que deben reunir los profesionales en materia de neuropsicología. Finalmente, se debe impulsar el consenso entre las asociaciones, universidades y profesionales del campo, para establecer vías de comunicación que tenga como objetivo la regulación y reconocimiento de la profesionalización en neuropsicología clínica.


In Mexico, there is a lack of legal regulation of the professional practice of neuropsychology, even though there are international guidelines on the practice of neuropsychology which stipulate to have theoretical-practical training in neuroscience, clinical psychology and psychometrics, as well as skills in clinical and formulation of intervention programs solidly based on empirical studies. Therefore, it is a necessity that the professionals are properly trained, because otherwise it would be attacking the fundamental rights of the human being. Thus, the mental health authorities should update and legalize in relation to clinical practice more specific measures on the requirements to practice clinical neuropsychology. Finally, consensus among associations, universities, and professionals in the field should be encouraged to establish a communication that aims to regulate and recognize the practice in clinical neuropsychology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neuropsychology/legislation & jurisprudence , Neuropsychology/ethics , Professional Practice , Mexico
17.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 78(4): 421-425, dic. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985749

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La paratiromatosis se describe como una dolencia en la que existen múltiples nódulos de tejido paratiroideo hiperfuncionante diseminados por cuello y el mediastino, en la cual las pruebas de imagen no son efectivas para localizar las glándulas paratiroides y requiere de la combinación de un tratamiento médico y quirúrgico que en ocasiones se presenta como un desafío. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 61 años con hiperparatiroidismo primario recurrente a la que se le extirpan un total de 9 glándulas paratiroideas en 3 cirugías diferentes, y realizamos revisión de la literatura.


ABSTRACT Parathyromatosis is described as a condition in which there are multiple nodules of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue disseminated by the neck and mediastinum. Imaging tests are not effective in locating the parathyroid glands and requires the combination of medical and surgical treatment that sometimes is challenging. We describe the case of a 61-year-old woman with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. A total of 9 parathyroid glands where removed in 3 different surgeries. We also reviewed the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Parathyroid Glands/pathology , Parathyroidectomy , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/etiology , Parathyroid Glands/surgery , Recurrence , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/surgery , Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnostic imaging
18.
Med. U.P.B ; 37(2): 116-124, 22 de agosto de 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-912080

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: en pediatría, los pacientes susceptibles de recibir cuidados paliativos pueden tener una supervivencia larga pero una vida limitada o amenazada por la enfermedad que padecen, por lo tanto, no solo es importante conocer las causas de muerte sino también la prevalencia de dichas enfermedades. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y evolutivas de los niños con enfermedades crónicas y limitantes para la vida, que fueron susceptibles de recibir atención de cuidados paliativos en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad, durante los años 2014 y 2015. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe en Medellín, Colombia, en el que se incluyeron 3 226 pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y limitantes para la vida. No hubo criterios de exclusión. Se tabularon y analizaron estadísticamente con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Los datos se obtuvieron de la revisión de las historias clínicas por parte de los investigadores. Resultados: durante el período de estudio, ingresaron al servicio de pediatría 6 230 pacientes. El 52% (3 226) padecía enfermedades crónicas y limitantes para la vida, y era susceptible de recibir atención de cuidados paliativos. El 58% de los pacientes era de sexo masculino; 17% era menor de un año, solo un 2% representó neonatos. La gran mayoría (48%) eran mayores de 5 años, con un promedio de edad de 8 años. 21% tenía diagnóstico oncológico, 20% tenía malformaciones congénitas y otro 20% enfermedades hematológicas y del sistema inmune (inmunodeficiencias). Un 22% restante, con distribución similar, tenía enfermedades metabólicas, afecciones originadas en el período neonatal y enfermedades neurológicas. Solo 3,7% (n =119) recibió atención de cuidados paliativos. La mortalidad fue de 3 % (95) para los dos años de estudio. 75% (71) de los pacientes falleció en la UCIP, 63% (60) tenía ventilación mecánica invasiva. Conclusiones: los cuidados paliativos deben desarrollarse y ser accesibles para todos los niños con enfermedades que amenazan su vida con el objetivo de mejorar el manejo de síntomas y su calidad de vida.


Objective: In pediatrics, patients that are susceptible to palliative care may have a long survival, but a life that is limited or threatened by their disease. Therefore, it is not only important to know the causes of death, but also the prevalence of such diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of children with chronic and life-limiting diseases who received palliative care in a highly complex pediatric hospital during 2014 and 2015. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective study, carried out at Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe in Medellin, Colombia, in which 3 226 patients with chronic and life-limiting diseases were included. There were no exclusion criteria. Data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical package. Data were obtained by the researchers' review of the clinical records. Results: During the study period, 6 230 patients were admitted to the pediatric ward, 52% (3 226) of whom had chronic and life-limiting diseases that could receive palliative care. 58% of the patients were male, 17% were under one year, and only 2% were neonates. The majority (48%) were older than 5 years, with an average age of 8 years. 21% had cancer diagnosis, 20% had congenital malformations, and another 20% had hematological and immune system diseases (immunodeficiency). Another 22%, with similar distribution, had metabolic diseases, conditions originated in the neonatal period, and neurological diseases. Only 3.7% (n =119) received palliative care. Mortality was 3% (95) for the duration of the study (2 years). 75% (71) of the patients died in the PICU; 63% (60) had invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Palliative care should be developed and accessible to all children with lifethreatening illnesses to improve symptom management and quality of life.


Objetivo: em pediatria, os pacientes susceptíveis de receber cuidados paliativos podem ter uma supervivência longa mas uma vida limitada ou ameaçada pela doença que padecem, por tanto, não só é importante conhecer as causas de morte senão também a prevalência de ditas doenças. O objetivo desta investigação foi conhecer as características epidemiológicas, clínicas e evolutivas das crianças com doenças crônicas e limitantes para a vida, que foram susceptíveis de receber atenção de cuidados paliativos num hospital pediátrico de alta complexidade, durante os anos 2014 e 2015. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo realizado no Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe em Medellín, Colômbia, no qual se incluíram 3 226 pacientes com doenças crônicas e limitantes para a vida. Não houve critérios de exclusão. Se tabelaram e analisaram estatisticamente com o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 21. Os dados se obtiveram da revisão das histórias clínicas por parte dos pesquisadores. Resultados: durante o período de estudo, ingressaram ao serviço de pediatria 6 230 pacientes. 52% (3 226) padecia doenças crônicas e limitantes para a vida, e era susceptível de receber atenção de cuidados paliativos. 58% dos pacientes era do sexo masculino; 17% era menor de um ano, só um 2% representou neonatos. A grande maioria (48%) eram maiores de 5 anos, com uma média de idade de 8 anos. 21% tinha diagnóstico oncológico, 20% tinha malformações congénitas e outro 20% doenças hematológicas e do sistema imune (imunodeficiências). Um 22% restante, com distribuição similar, tinha doenças metabólicas, afecções originadas no período neonatal e doenças neurológicas. Só 3,7% (n =119) recebeu atenção de cuidados paliativos. A mortalidade foi de 3 % (95) para os dois anos de estudo. 75% (71) dos pacientes faleceu na UCIP, 63% (60) tinha ventilação mecânica invasiva. Conclusões: os cuidados paliativos devem desenvolver-se e ser acessíveis para todas as crianças com doenças que ameaçam sua vida com o objetivo de melhorar o manejo de sintomas e sua qualidade de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Palliative Care , Terminal Care , Child , Chronic Disease , Cause of Death
19.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 24(2): 79-83, jul. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959580

ABSTRACT

Los meningiomas son los tumores intracraneales benignos más frecuentes en adultos, suponen el 20% de todos los tumores cerebrales. Solamente el 1-4% presentan cambios quísticos. La relación entre el componente quístico y sólido de los meningiomas mixtos fue utilizada por varios autores para crear hasta cuatro clasificaciones diferentes de este subtipo de meningiomas. El diagnóstico mediante TC resulta muy complejo ante este subtipo de meningiomas por la dificultad de discernir entre diferentes lesiones intracraneales que también presentan componente quístico asociado. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 49 años que presenta episodios de amaurosis fugax. En la TC se identificó una lesión sólida en localización frontotemporal izquierda, con gran componente quístico que producía importante efecto de masa y desplazaba la línea media. Se completó estudio mediante RM y arteriografía y finalmente fue diagnosticado como meningioma mixto, que tras embolización tumoral desde arteria meníngea media, se resecó quirúrgicamente.


Meningiomas are the most common benign intracranial tumors in adults, accounting for 20% of all brain tumors. Only 1-4% have cystic changes. The relationship between the cystic and solid component of mixed meningiomas was used by several authors to create up to four different classifications of this subtype of meningiomas. CT diagnosis is challenging in this subtype of meningiomas because of the difficulty of distinguishing between different intracranial lesions that also have associated cystic component. We present the case of a 49-year-old male patient with episodes of amaurosis fugax. On CT, a solid lesion was identified in the left frontotemporal region, with a large cystic component that produced an important mass effect and midline displacement. A study was completed by MR and arteriography and finally was diagnosed as mixed meningioma, which after tumor embolization via the middle meningeal artery, was surgically resected.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Meningioma/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Meningioma/epidemiology
20.
Med. infant ; 25(1): 22-25, marzo 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-883430

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En la Argentina, hay 754.600 nacimientos por año, de los cuales el 15% proviene de madres adolescentes de entre 15 a 19 años. Este porcentaje varía en las diferentes provincias, siendo mayor en el Noreste y Noroeste argentino. El 65.5% de ellas no usaba ningún método anticonceptivo al momento de la concepción, muchas de ellas por desconocimiento sobre salud reproductiva. La alta frecuencia de embarazos en la población adolescente, muchos de ellos no planeados, aumenta el riesgo de exposición a un aborto inseguro, abandono escolar y de limitaciones en el acceso al mercado laboral, condicionando así las perspectivas de desarrollo personal. Es evidente que la diversidad de manifestaciones clínicas de esta entidad hace que ante la consulta del adolescente no siempre se lo tenga presente como posible diagnóstico diferencial en primera instancia. Considerar el embarazo a tiempo optimizaría la atención al brindar información a la paciente y al realizar la derivación a un centro especializado para su seguimiento. Asimismo también se evitaría la utilización de métodos diagnósticos o terapéuticos que resulten nocivos para el producto de la gestación. Objetivos: Describir los motivos de consulta realizados por pacientes adolescentes menores de 19 años, en el Hospital Garrahan durante el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2016, que concluyeron con el diagnóstico de embarazo. Describir el número de consultas, y exámenes complementarios solicitados hasta que se arribó al diagnóstico. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo observacional, a través del análisis de las historias clínicas (HC) y base de datos del laboratorio de todas las pacientes femeninas menores de 19 años, que hayan consultado en el periodo comprendido entre 2012 a 2016. Resultado: Se obtuvo un total de 46 pacientes adolescentes con diagnóstico de embarazo. Si bien el síntoma más frecuente fue la alteración del ciclo menstrual, sólo en el 50% fue lo que motivó la consulta. En el 74% de los casos el diagnóstico se realizó en la primera atención. En el 33% de las pacientes no se registró en la HC el uso de MAC (Métodos Anti Conceptivos). En los casos que se interrogó acerca del uso de MAC, sólo el 55% lo hacía en forma correcta. Conclusión: El diagnóstico de embarazo debe considerarse frente a la consulta de pacientes adolescentes. Es necesario pesquisar la existencia de alteraciones en el ciclo menstrual y el uso de MAC en esta población (AU)


In Argentina, there are 754,600 births yearly, of which 15% are to adolescent mothers between 15 and 19 years of age. This percentage varies according to the different provinces, and is higher in the north-east and north-west of the country. Of the mothers, 65.5% did not use any contraceptive method at the moment of conception, in many of them due to lack of knowledge of reproductive health. The high rate of teenage pregnancies, many of them unplanned, increases the risk of exposure to unsafe abortions, school drop-out, limitation to access to the labor market thereby reducing perspectives of personal development. Clearly, the variability of clinical manifestations associated with this entity, in an adolescent pregnancy is not always considered as an early differential diagnosis. Early awareness of pregnancy would improve care by providing information to the patient and referral to a specialized center for follow-up. Additionally, the use of diagnostic or therapeutic methods that are harmful for the fetus are avoided. Objectives: To describe the reasons for consultation of teenage patients under 19 years of age at Garrahan Hospital between 2012 and 2016, in whom finally the diagnosis was pregnancy and to describe the number of consultation and complementary exams previous to the diagnosis. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted through the analysis of clinical charts (CC) and laboratory data base of all female patients younger than 19 years of age that consulted between 2012 and 2016. Results: 46 teenage patients with the diagnosis of pregnancy were identified. Although the most frequent symptom was alteration of the menstrual cycle, this was the reason for consultation in only 50%. In 74% of the cases the diagnosis was made in the first visit. In 33% of the patients the use of methods of contraception (MOC) was not recorded in the CC. When the patient was asked about the use of MOC, only 55% used them correctly. Conclusion: The diagnosis of pregnancy should be considered in teenage patients. Screening for alterations in the menstruation and the use of MOC is necessary in this population (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Argentina/epidemiology , Contraceptive Agents, Female , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Signs and Symptoms , Retrospective Studies
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